THE HINDU (ANALYSIS NOTES) :- 28/11/22 BY :-SANJAY KUMAR SAH
1:-CHINA'S ANTI LOCKDOWN PROTESTS SPREAD TO DOZENS OF CAMPUSES .
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• ‘We need democracy, rule of law, and freedom of expression,’ chant students at Tsinghua University in Beijing, Chinese president Xi Jinping’s alma mater; call for an end to lockdowns and mass testing gathers steam on social media
• The protests have coincided with a record outbreak of COVID cases across China in recent days, which have brought fresh lockdowns. The National Health Commission on Sunday reported more than 39,500 cases, the highest since the pandemic began.
2:- G-20 PRESIDENCY IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO FOCUS ON GLOBAL GOOD : MODI-
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• Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Sunday said that assuming the G20 presidency was a huge opportunity for India and that the country must utilise it by focusing on the global good. He said this during his monthly radio broadcast, Mann Ki Baat.
•India got the presidency of the G20: This is the first time the country will be holding (in New Delhi from September 9 and 10, 2023) an international summit of this scale.
• The Indian Prime Minister stated that India’s presidency will be inclusive, ambitious, decisive and action-oriented, as represented by India’s G20 chairmanship theme “One Earth, One Family, One Future.” Significance of G20 presidency for India:
•An opportunity to assume leadership of the Global South.
•Building a global consensus on reforming multilateral organisations such as the UN was the first step toward a new world order for the post-Covid era
. •The growing relevance of the G20 in a world facing challenges like climate change, the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. Members:
•Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States and the EU.
3:- EGYPTIAN PRESIDENT SISI TO BE CHIEF GUEST AT REPUBLIC DAY CELEBRATIONS .
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• Egyptian President Abdel Fateh el-Sisi will be the chief guest at the Republic Day celebrations in January 2023, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) announced on Sunday.
• Egypt and India were founding members of the movement for nonalignment in international affairs during the 1950s and Egyptian leaders have traditionally maintained cordial ties with New Delhi. Mr. Sisi attended the India Africa Forum Summit along with other heads of states and governments of Africa from October 26 to 29 in 2015.
• Egypt, along with Bangladesh, the United Arab Emirates, Mauritius, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Oman, Singapore and Spain, is among the guest countries invited to attend next year’s G-20 summit that will be conducted under India’s presidency.
5:-SHIFT UNEXPLAINED:-
Pg no. 6 GS 2
• The common criticism that the functioning of the Collegium system of judicial appointments is opaque, and sometimes arbitrary, seems to hold greater validity in the matter of transfers of judges from one High Court to another.
• A recent round of transfers — among the dozens that have been effected in the last few years — has brought the controversial issue to the fore again.
• If reports that the Gujarat High Court Chief Justice was unaware of the impending transfer of Justice Kariel are correct, it bodes ill for the legitimacy of transfer proposals.
• However, the power of transfer has always been seen as a possible threat to judicial independence. Even under the Collegium system, it seems it is difficult to dispel the impression that the threat of transfer hangs over every judge’s head.
The Memorandum of Procedure is clear that a judge’s consent is not necessary to effect a transfer. Transfer of judges and the Constitution
•Article 222 of the Constitution provides for the transfer of High Court judges, including the Chief Justice.
•It says the President, after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, may transfer a judge from one High Court to any other High Court.
•It also provides for a compensatory allowance to the transferred judge.
•This means that the executive could transfer a judge, but only after consulting the Chief Justice of India.
6:- IT IS TIME TO DISCUSS DEPOPULATION .
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• Two weeks ago, when the world population touched eight billion, several headlines focused on how India was the largest contributor to the last billion and is set to surpass China as the world’s most populous nation by 2023.
• China’s population has begun to decline, while India’s population is expected to grow for another 40 years, they said. But missing in this conversation is the real threat of depopulation that parts of India too face, and the country’s complete lack of preparedness to deal with it.
• By current United Nations estimates, India’s population will begin to decline only in 2063, by which time it will be just shy of 1.7 billion. The world’s population is expected to grow until 2086.
• It is now well-established that fertility in India is falling along expected lines as a direct result of rising incomes and greater female access to health and education. India’s total fertility rate is now below the replacement rate of fertility.
•Total Fertility Rate of about 2.1 children per woman is called Replacement-level fertility.
• TFR lower than 2.1 children per woman — indicates that a generation is not producing enough children to replace itself, eventually leading to an outright reduction in population.
• Total fertility rate (TFR) in simple terms refers to the total number of children born or likely to be born to a woman in her lifetime if she were subject to the prevailing rate of age-specific fertility in the population.
•India's total fertility rate (TFR) has declined from 2.2 in 2015-16 to 2.0 in 2019-21, indicating the significant progress of population control measures, revealed the report of the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5).
7:- TEXT AND CONTEXT - WHAT IS BLUEBUGGING,AND HOW IS IT USED TO HACK BLUETOOTH-ENABLED DEVICES??????????????????????
What is bluebugging?
It is a form of hacking that lets attackers access a device through its discoverable Bluetooth connection. Once a device or phone is bluebugged, a hacker can listen to the calls, read and send messages and steal and modify contacts.
It started out as a threat for laptops with Bluetooth capability. Later hackers used the technique to target mobile phones and other devices. How can one prevent bluebugging ? Turning off Bluetooth and disconnecting paired Bluetooth devices when not in use, updating the device’s system software to the latest version, limited use of public Wi-Fi and using VPN as an additional security measure are some of the ways to prevent bluebugging
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