TRIBUNALS:- FOR UPSC

    

  ABOUT TRIBUNALS:-

:- TRIBUNALS ARE INSTITUTIONS ESTABLISHED FOR DISCHARGING JUDICIAL QUASI-JUDICIAL DUTIES

:- THE OBJECTIVE MAY BE TO REDUCE CASE LOAD OF THE JUDICIARY OR TO BRING IN SUBJECT EXPERTIES FOR TECHNICAL MATTERS.

:- THE SUPREME COURT HAS RULED THAT TRIBUNALS, BEING QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES, SHOULD HAVE THE SAME LEVEL OF INDEPENDENCE FROM THE EXECUTIVE AS THE JUDICIARY.

:- IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT TRIBUNALS ARE INDEPENDENT FROM THE EXECUTIVE,  THE SUPREME COURT HAD RECOMMENDED THAT ALL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS BE MANAGED BY THE LAW MINISTRY RATHER THAN THE MINISTRY ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBJECT AREA.

:- LATTER, THE COURT RECOMMENDED CREATION OF AN INDEPENDENT NATIONAL TRIBUNALS COMMISSION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF TRIBUNALS. THESE RECOMMENDATIONS HAVE NOT BEEN IMPLEMENTED.

:- WHEREAS THE REASONING FOR SETTING UP SOME TRIBUNALS WAS TO REDUCE PENDENCY OF CASES IN COURTS, SEVERAL TRIBUNALS ARE FACING THE ISSUE OF A LARGE CASE LOAD AND PENDENCY.  

                                                                          

                                                 BY:- SANJAY KUMAR SAH

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Ancient Indian Agriculture:-tools and technology

Image
  Ancient Indian Agriculture Manuring The excavation of the Mehrgarh period sites that is around 8000-6000 BC throws some startling facts about Indian agriculture that began as early as 9000 BC. The domestication of plants and animals are reported in the subcontinent by 9000 BC. Wheat, barley and jujube were among crops, sheep and goats were among animals that were domesticated. This period also saw the first domestication of the elephants. With implements and techniques being developed for agriculture settled life soon followed in India. Double monsoons that led to two harvests being reaped in one year in the country facilitated the settled mode of production. In the Neolithic period roughly 8000-5000 BC, agriculture was far from the dominant mode of support for human societies, but those who adopted it flourished. Agro pastoralism in India included threshing, planting crops in rows—either of two or of six—and storing grain in granaries. They passed their techniques of agricultural pr
Read more

ANCIENT AGRICULTURE ;- SOIL PROFILE AND IRRIGATIONAL MEASURE

 Ancient agricultural practices  Traditional farming practices in India  Soil Classification  In ancient times geographical distribution by Surapala was jangala (arid), anupa (marshy) and samanya (ordinary). It is further divided by colour into black, white, pale, dark, red and yellow by taste into sweet, sour, salty, pungent, bitter and astringent. Samanya land was suitable for all kinds of trees. Rig-veda identified productive and non-productive soils. There were 12 classification based on soil fertility, irrigation and physical characteristics.   These soil classifications are as follows :  1. Urvara (fertile)  2. Ushara (barren)  3. Maru (desert)  4. Aprahata (fallow)  5. Shadvala (grassy)  6. Pankikala (muddy)  7. Jalaprayah (water)  8. Kachchaha (land contiguous to water)  9. Sharkara (full of pebbles)  10. Sharkaravari (sandy)  11. Nadimatruka (land water from river)  12. Devamatruka (rainfed)  Another classification based on crops suitable  a. Vrdiheyam (rice (rainfed) / co
Read more