06/12/22, THE HINDU ANALYSIS,BY : SANJAY KUMAR SAH

 01:-S.C.(SUPREME COURT) OFFERS TO FIND SOLUTION TO "DECEITFUL CONVERSIONS:-

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• The Supreme Court on Monday said acts of charity or good work to help a community or the poor should not cloak an intention to convert them religiously as payback.

 • A Bench, led by Justice M.R. Shah, said conversion on the basis of a voluntarily felt belief in the deity of a different faith was different from belief gained through allurement. 

• The court said it would examine such veiled intentions behind religious conversions through allurement by offering food, medicines, treatment and so on.

 • “Everybody has a right to choose their faith but that does not mean luring somebody by giving something. If you believe that a particular community needs help, you help it. It is charity. But the purpose of charity should not be conversion. Every charity or good work is welcome, but what requires to be considered is the intention… Charity, help, everything is welcome, but within the framework. The intention should be very clear. That is what we will consider,” Justice Shah said. “When everybody is India, they have to act as per the culture of India,” he noted.

02:-FAITH AND FREEDOM;-

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International Religious Freedom (IRF) was released by the US Department of State.

 •The document is distinct from the IRF report released by the US Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF). 

What is the State of Freedom of Religion in India?

 •Freedom of religion in India is a fundamental right guaranteed by Article 25-28 of the Constitution of India.

 • Article 25 (Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion).

 • Article 26 (Freedom to manage religious affairs).

 • Article 27 (Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any religion). 

• Article 28 (Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions). 

•Further, Article 29 and 30 of the Constitution deal with the protection of interests of minorities.

03:-INDIA, GERMANY INK MIGRATION AGREEMENT :JAISHANKAR DEFENDS RUSSIAN OIL PURCHASE:-

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• India’s consumption of Russian oil is just one-sixth of European consumption and should not be compared unfavourably, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar said in his talks with visiting German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock on Monday, defending the government’s decision to increase the intake of Russian oil since the war in Ukraine.

 • Ms. Baerbock’s visit coincided with the launch of an “oil price cap” plan by the G-7 and European Union countries to withdraw shipping and insurance services to countries that buy Russian oil above the price of $60 a barrel.

 • At the end of talks, India and Germany signed a comprehensive partnership on migration and mobility meant to ease travel for research, study and work for people in both countries. Mr. Jaishankar said it would be the “basis for a more contemporary partnership” to relations.

 What is Group of Seven (G7)?

 •It is an intergovernmental organisation that was formed in 1975. 

•The bloc meets annually to discuss issues of common interest like global economic governance, international security and energy policy.

 •The G7 countries are the UK, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the US.

 •All the G7 countries and India are a part of G20.

 •The G7 does not have a formal charter or a secretariat. The presidency, which rotates among member countries each year, is in charge of setting the agenda. Sherpas, ministers and envoys hammer out policy initiatives before the summit.

 •As of 2022, G7 countries make up 10% of the world’s population, 31% of global GDP, and 21% of global carbon dioxide emissions, according to the Summit website. China and India, the two most populous countries with among the largest GDP figures in the world, are not part of the grouping.

04:-FLOW OF SPURIOUS LIQUOR ,DRUGS IN PUNJAB .WILL FINISH OFF THE YOUTH S.C. WARNS STATE GOVERNMENT:-

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• Unbridled flow of drugs and spurious liquor will “finish off” the youth of the border State of Punjab and then the entire country, the Supreme Court warned the Punjab government on Monday.

 • The court said the State had to issue circulars making the local police responsible for the presence of units making spurious liquor.

 Constitutional Provisions:

 • Article 47: The Directive Principle in the Constitution of India states that “The state shall undertake rules to bring about prohibition of the consumption except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health”.

 • State Subject: Alcohol is a subject in the State list under the seventh schedule of the Indian Constitution.

05:THE COVID 19 PENDAMIC FOOD AND SOCIALISING :-

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• As mass lay-offs and interrupted food supply chains caused substantial income losses and food price spikes, low-income households barely maintained their subsistence while others made substantial adjustments to their allocation of household expenditure. 

• However, food being a priority, Engel’s law suggests that the share of food expenditure rises as income falls. This is further aggravated by food price spikes. The two together cause the share of food expenditure to rise. Given the budget constraint, a higher share of food expenditure is expected to lower that of socialising expenditure. 

• Pulling together these arguments, income, food prices and preferences for socialising simultaneously determine the share of socialising expenditure.

 • Food price stabilisation is a priority. The premise that inflation is largely a monetary phenomenon as reflected in increases in policy interest rates by the Reserve Bank of India is debatable. 

 • That inflation continues to be driven by supply chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic is overlooked.

 • Further, disruptions in energy and fertilizer supply due to the Ukraine war and the continuing surge in food prices have entrenched inflationary expectations that call for decisive policy intervention.

 • An overhaul of the Public Distribution System and, specifically, more stringent regulation of diversion of food supply by PDS shops to the market are imperative.

06:-CLIMATE TALKS AS SHARPCHANGING INTERNATIONAL LAW:-

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 • There are three problems with the current negotiating process. First, citizens in developed countries are not even aware that two-thirds of their national emissions of carbon dioxide come from their diet, transport, and residential and commercial sectors, which together constitute the major share of their GDP; the consumption sectors are not independent silos but reflect their urban lifestyles.

 • Second, the process ignores that global well-being will also follow urbanisation of the developing country’s population, requiring fossil fuels for infrastructure and energy to achieve comparable levels.

 • Third, the need for vast quantities of cement and steel in developing countries for infrastructure — constituting essential emissions, as they urbanise — is not being considered. 

• As late urbanisers, developing countries account for more than half the annual emissions and most emissions growth. They cannot affordably access many of the new technologies to decarbonise quickly.

                                       The result is a shrinking of their policy space and human rights, endangering efforts to achieve comparable levels of well-being with those who developed earlier without any constraints. Such discussions are not taking place in the climate negotiations because of the way the agenda is set.

 • The objective of the Climate Treaty is to avoid a concentration of cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide, prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system and enable sustainable economic development. The Paris Agreement (2015) agreed to a 1.5°C global temperature goal. 

• The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2018 recommended that net emissions needed to zero out around 2050.

 • India’s thrust on LiFE (or “Lifestyle for Environment”), with the individual shifting from wasteful consumption of natural resources goes back to the original science.

 • For example, in developed countries, exchanging overconsumption of red meat for poultry can meet half the global emissions reduction required by the end of the century. A just transition for developing countries is about keeping within their carbon budget. And not de-carbonisation of arbitrarily selected sectors.

07:- NO UNIFORMITY IN PAROLE AND FURLOUGH RULES;-

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• The Prisons Act, 1894, and the Prisoners Act, 1900, did not contain any specific provision pertaining to parole and/or furlough.

                      However, Section 59 of the Prisons Act empowers States to make rules inter alia “for the shortening of sentences” and “for rewards for good conduct”. Since “prisons, reformatories…” fall in the State List of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution, States are well within their reach to legislate on issues related to prisons.

 • While ‘furlough’ is considered as an incentive for good conduct in prison and is counted as a sentence served, parole or leave is mostly a suspension of sentence. Emergency parole or leave is granted for specified emergencies such as a death, serious illness or marriage in the family.

 • Though regular parole or leave is granted after serving minimum sentence (varying from one year to four years) in prison, some States include other familial and social obligations such as sowing or harvesting of agricultural crops, essential repair of house, and settling family disputes.

08:-PANEL FINALISING ITS REPORT ON OBC SUB - CATEGORISATION:-

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• After more than five years of its formation, the commission for the sub-categorisation of the Other Backward Classes (OBC) is now in the final stages of finishing its task of coming up with a formula to further classify the nearly 3,000 caste groups and preparing a report on it, according to multiple officials aware of the developments. 

• The five-member commission, headed by Justice G. Rohini (retd), was constituted in October 2017 and was initially given 12 weeks to submit its report to the President of India. Since then, the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has extended the deadline more than 10 times, first citing the additional time required by the commission to gather information and data and then the pandemic.

 • In addition to recommending a formula that distributed the quota available to OBCs equitably among the caste groups, the commission was also tasked with identifying which caste groups would get what share of the 27% reservation pie.

09:-TEXT AND CONTEXT ,THE LINGERING CRISIS OF LABOUR PENDAMIC:-

• The International Labour Organisation (ILO) recently released two reports that gave an indication of the global employment scenario post-pandemic. 

 The ‘Global Wage Report 2022-2023: 

The Impact of inflation and COVID-19 on wages and purchasing power’ discuss the twin crises, inflation and economic slowdown, which created a “striking fall” in real monthly wages around the globe. 

• Another report, the ‘Asia-Pacific Employment and Social Outlook 2022: Rethinking sectoral strategies for a human-centred future of work’ stated that the Asia-Pacific region lost about 22 million jobs in 2022.

 • ILO Director-General Gilbert F. Houngbo said the decrease in wages is placing millions of workers in a dire situation. “Income inequality and poverty will rise if the purchasing power of the lowest paid is not maintained,” he warned.

 •Established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles as an affiliated agency of the League of Nations.

 •Became the first affiliated specialized agency of the United Nations in 1946.

 •Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland 

•Founding Mission: social justice is essential to universal and lasting peace.

 •Promotes internationally recognized human and labour rights.

 •Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969.

 • For improving peace among classes 

• Pursuing decent work and justice for workers

 • Providing technical assistance to other developing nations ILO is the tripartite principle, i.e. the negotiations within the organization are held between the representatives of governments, trade unions, and member-states’ employers.

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