THE HINDU ANALYSIS 07/12/22,BY:SANJAY KUMAR SAH
01:-World Bank raises India’s growth projection to 6.9%:-
PAGE NO 01,GS 03
- After three downgrades in its 2022 TO 23 GDP growth estimates, Bank reverses course, citing strong Q2 growth and strong demand at start of Q3; report lauds strong macroeconomic fundamentals.
- The World Bank on Tuesday lifted its growth forecast for India’s economy this year to 6.9%, after having downgraded it to 6.5% in October, citing resilience in economic activity despite a deteriorating external environment.
- The Bank said it revised the GDP forecast considering the strong upturn in the July to September quarter of 202223, when it grew 6.3% despite inflationary pressures and tighter financing conditions, “driven by strong private consumption and investment”
- High frequency indicators indicate continued robust growth of domestic demand at the start of Q3 (October to December quarter),” the Bank noted in its latest India Development Report titled ‘Navigating the Storm’.
- The Bank expects the Indian economy to grow at a slightly slower 6.6% in 202324 as a challenging external environment and faltering global growth will affect its economic outlook through different channels.
- INDIA IS BETTER POSITIONED TO MANAGE EXTERNAL SHOCKS ,ACCORDING TO THE WORLD BANK'S:
- India's growth is affected by slower growth in major economies but the impact on India is relatively less compared to other emerging market economies
- The merchandise trade deficit will widen ,driven by high oil prices .Goods export growth expected to moderate but will be 'somewhat offset 'by services exports.
- Forex reserves down 10% this year ,but still provide 'adequate buffer against global spillovers' with about eight months 'import cover.
02:-Curbing terror financing in
Afghanistan holds the key
to regional security: NSA:-
page no.01,GS02
errorism and terrorist financing in Afghanistan, and the use of trade
and connectivity routes via
Iran are key to regional security, said India as National Security Adviser (NSA)
Ajit Doval chaired the first
India Central Asia meeting
of NSAs and Secretaries of
Security Councils in Delhi
on Tuesday.
The daylong meeting,
which was the outcome of
the India Central Asia virtual summit held in January this year, where Prime
Minister Narendra Modi
hosted leaders of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan and agreed to
have security chiefs meet
on a regular basis to discuss India’s “extended
neighbourhood”.
“The [Security Advisers] discussed the current
Situation in Afghanistan
and its impact on the security and stability of the
region, reiterating strong
support for a peaceful, stable and secure Afghanistan, emphasising respect
for its sovereignty, unity
and territorial integrity
and urging noninterference in its internal affairs,” said a joint communique at the end of the
meeting, adding that all
the countries present had
concerns about the “curt deteriorating humanitarian situation” in Afghanistan and the need to
ensure that terrorist
groups don’t find safe haven there.
The meeting, which focussed on the situation on
Afghanistan, is among a
number of conversations
New Delhi is having this
week with various
stakeholders.
03:-Scenarios for the future of India, and the world:-
page no.06,gs 2,3
Making predictions of the economic
growth of nations — long term,
annual, and quarterly — is a lucrative
industry employing many
economists, researchers, analysts, and
commentators.
The fast growth of BRICS (Brazil,
Russia, India, China, South Africa) economies was
forecast by economists at the turn of the
millennium.
The prediction had a large impact on
the public imagination and on corporate
investments.
A tale on forecasting
Some industry leaders in the World Economic
Forum (WEF) were wary.
They recalled that
economists in the 1980s, extrapolating the
remarkable postwar performance of Japan, had
predicted that the 21st century would be Japan’s
century.
Few economists then had predicted the
quick collapse of the Soviet Union or foresaw
China’s remarkable ascent. In the next decade,
Japan’s growth was limping, the Soviet Union was
history, and China was the country investors
were being directed to. China was the economic
powerhouse in the BRICS projection: India,
Brazil, Russia, and South Africa were the other
four.
Whereas economists’ forecasts do not
compute the effects of social conditions and
domestic politics on economic policies, strategic
thinkers in the Shell Oil company, using methods
of “scenario planning”, had forecasted the
collapse of the Soviet Union and integration of
the Russian economy with the West. Shell
redirected billions of dollars of investments
beforehand and gained a strategic advantage over
its competition.
Responding to its members’ needs, WEF
commissioned a “scenario planning” exercise for
the BRICs countries in 2004.
WEF collaborated
with the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) to
prepare scenarios for India’s growth because CII
had supported a similar exercise internally in
2000 and knew the methods of scenario
planning.
The foundational discipline of scenario
planning, which distinguishes it from
conventional forecasting and planning, is
“systems thinking”. Scenario planning does not
begin with the data. It starts with listening to
diverse points of view about what is going on
within a complex system at present to
understand the undercurrents that will surface
and disrupt predictions of economists’ models.
Looking ahead
The WEF/CII report, ‘India and the World:
Scenarios to 2025’ (published in 2005) projected
three scenarios of India’s future depending on the
country’s economic policies.
India was in an
“India Shining” mood at that time:
it was
celebrated as “the world’s fastest growing free
market democracy” to tempt western investors
away from autocratic China’s even faster growing
economy.
The first scenario looked deeper within India’s
current reality at that time. Evocatively labelled
“BollyWorld”, the scenario revealed forces which
would dampen growth in the future if not
responded to in good time. The opening of India’s
economy had created more opportunities for
private enterprises and rapid increases in the
wealth of the top 1%. Millionaires were
multiplying.
The second scenario was called “Atakta
Bharat”. It showed how increasing inequality and
insecurity could compel the government to
impose controls on politics for security, and also
compel it to play a larger role in the economy
without adequate resources. A heavy handed
government would dampen India’s democracy
and stall its economy. In both scenarios,
BollyWorld and Atakata Bharat, the “theory of
change” is topdown. Change is led by leaders on
top of large organisations in government and
businesses.
Fortunately, a third, and more
attractive scenario was also visible.
Here, the
changes that people need are produced by them:
by local leaders of women’s self help groups;
cooperatives for water conservation, and farming
and dairying; and profitable business enterprises
based on local production and consumption.
Such “enterprises by the people for the people”,
using local resources and local energies, are more
sustainable than topdown, largescale
programmes.
The scenarists projected that if
India’s policymakers pursued this model of
change, economic growth would be more
inclusive, more environmentally sustainable, and
faster too. They called this scenario “Pahale
India”.
The rise of reactionary forces
These scenarios were made in 2006 before the
global financial crisis, to recover from which
governments of the G7 took actions to save the
“too large to fail” financial institutions.
The G7
enlarged to the G20 to stabilise global financial
and economic institutions.
There are tensions
within the “BollyWorld” model of topdown, and
wealth driven, economic growth the world has
pursued in the last 30 years. Increasing inequality
and insecurity around the world, rising along
with “free market” globalisation, have resulted in
reactionary forces in many countries, including
China and Russia amongst the BRICs. They have
appeared in India too.
Inequalities have further increased; topdown
solutions to the global environmental crisis are
producing only more hot air. Violence between
powerful countries deploying the latest
technologies is harming millions of innocent
people around the world.
The Indian scenarists
had pointed to a choice before public
policymakers when societal tensions increase in a
“BollyWorld”like scenario the world seems
caught in. One choice is concentration of power
in governments and large business monopolies
for imposing more security and pushing faster
GDP growth. This leads to further unrest and
“Atakta” (stalling) economies. The other choice
revolves around local systems solutions for
environmental and economic problems,
cooperatively implemented by communities.
This
model solves global systemic problems; it also
creates a more harmonious world.
India must promote this model in the G20 it is
hosting this year. It must also adopt this
“Gandhian” approach more determinedly to
make “Pahale India” a reality for all Indian
04: -Delhi choking, but do not blame stubble burning alone:-
PAGE NO.06,GS 03
Every year around Deepavali, and like
clockwork, Delhi’s air quality makes it to
the headlines.
While nature will not change, emissions can be
reduced.
Increasingly polluted air is a hazard and a
health crisis in the making, In fact, it is already
one.
India now reports 2.5 million air
pollution related deaths annually. Pollution not
only makes our throats and eyes burn but is
much more insidious.
Some pollutants are so
small that they are able to enter the bloodstream
with ease, impacting almost every organ in the
body and leading to the onset of health issues
such as stroke, heart diseases, respiratory
diseases and cancer, to name just a few serious
health problems.
It is not just about good air.
It is
about life.
While a lot has been written and said about
Delhi’s air quality, the question that still has to be
answered is this:
why is nothing changing after all
these years?
The same orders again
A principal reason is that year after year, we are
doing the same things to try and address the
problem without actually trying to evaluate why
those measures are not effective.
The
Government formed the Commission for Air
Quality Management, which, unfortunately, did
not offer anything new. This body essentially
issued the same orders the Ministry and the
Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control)
Authority used to, with just a slight change in the
language used.
Every year schools are closed,
people are advised to to stay indoors, or carpool
and work from home, bans on firecrackers are
reinforced, construction stopped, trucks and cars
not allowed to enter the city, and industries
running on fuel shut.
These measures, and
several others, are akin to dressing a bullet
wound with bandaid. Stopping people from going
about their regular work is plain bad governance.
Why Delhi’s air is bad
As the haze descends over Delhi, the blamegame
begins — with stubble burning in the
neighbouring States being identified as the main
culprit.
However, the reality is that Delhi’s air is
bad even when stubble is not being burnt. The
burning of biomass in and around Delhi, if
audited properly, would be the same as stubble
burning in other States. Unfortunately none of
the bodies, be it the municipal body or the
government’s Public Works Department, is
willing to take responsibility for this or address
and find a solution to the problem.
This is not to
say that stubble burning is not a problem. Some
solutions have been tried out over the years, but
with little success. What is required is a
fundamental shift in agricultural patterns, which
needs someone to make a bold political call.
Unless farmers are adequately compensated, the
problem is unlikely to go away. The ‘Happy
Seeder’based solution has sadly not been a
happy experience.
We need to acknowledge that
the problem is not just Delhi centric. For some
strange reason we all talk about the airshed
approach but do not spend the rest of the year
trying to solve the problem. Delhi chokes on its
own dust and industrial activities.
Who is
ensuring compliance with the rules relating to the
handling of construction and demolition waste?
Delhi started with much enthusiasm about
roadside greening and cover.
But is anyone
monitoring this?
Everyone seems to be looking at
the data of PNG in industry, but is anyone looking
at the unauthorised industries, which are a large
emitter?
Vehicles are another source of pollution
in the city and we need to introspect why, despite
an expanding fleet of public transport, citizens
who primarily use two wheelers have not moved
to using the public transport system — buses and
the metro.
I feel the reasons for this include
last mile connectivity, the problem of crowding in
buses and metros, and the inability to reach and
navigate narrow lanes that two wheelers can.
The
state of maintenance of buses could be another
reason as well.
A no to silo functioning
We have to be creative and look beyond the
measures that have already been tried and
proved they are at best a short term solution to a
recurring, long term problem. Even then a core
issue that needs to be addressed is the
governance system.
There needs to be a single
entity that takes responsibility for air quality
management. We cannot operate in silos where
one system of governance is responsible for
thinking, a second issues orders and a third is
responsible for implementation. Without an
efficient system that works in a coordinated way,
we will find ourselves to be in the same position
years later.
The reality also is that Delhi is not the sole
offender.
There are many other cities in India
where safe levels of air quality are breached
regularly. Air quality is a problem on most days
but becomes an issue around Deepavali and
when stubble is being burnt. We need to take
more comprehensive, long term measures
throughout the year and not just in the days and
weeks when it begins to make news
The reality is
that Delhi’s air
is bad even
when stubble is
not being burnt,
which points to
the need for
comprehensive,
long term
measures
throughout
the year.
05:-Intense engagement:-
PAGE NO.06,GS 02
India can work with Germany to bring
G20 partners together for global unity
German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock’s visit to India and talks with External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar have set
the stage for a more updated bilateral relationship.
The two sides signed an agreement on mobility and migration that boosts travel for students, researchers and investors and businesses,
and the meeting was preceded by Germany’s
agreement to fund renewable energy projects
worth a billion Euros.
The year 2022 has seen intense high level engagement, as Prime Minister
Narendra Modi made two visits to Germany — for
the India Germany Inter-Governmental Consultations with Chancellor Olaf Scholz in Berlin and
the G7 outreach summit in Bavaria.
The leaders
also met at the G20 summit in Bali. In 2023, Mr.
Scholz is expected to be in Delhi, in spring, and
again in September for the G20 summit in India.
On the multilateral stage, Ms. Baer bock, a leader
of the German Alliance 90/Green party, made
countering climate change an important issue
where New Delhi and Berlin can cooperate at the
G20 under India’s presidency.
Mr. Jaishankar
spoke of the need to keep pushing for UN Security Council reform, where India and Germany
have been part of the ‘G4’ grouping since 2005.
Ms. Baer bock also walked back previous controversial comments calling for the “United Nations
track” to resolve the Kashmir dispute; she told
The Hindu ahead of her visit that she believes
Kashmir is a “bilateral dispute” to be resolved
between India and Pakistan only.
The substance of the relationship will be tested in continuing differences over the war in Ukraine. Mr. Jaishankar’s line to journalists was that
India’s imports of Russian oil, a national interest
necessity, remain a fraction of the fossil fuels Europe continues to buy. While this may be correct,
it is also true that the European Union countries
have cut all other links with Moscow, and falling
fuel imports are likely to drop further once the
December 5 launch of the “oil price cap” for seaborne imports kicks in. On the other hand, India’s imports of Russian oil have soared to a
whopping 21fold increase, making Russia India’s
biggest supplier.
Writing in the Foreign Affairs
Journal, Chancellor Scholz said that the world
was facing an “epochal, tectonic shift”, using the
term Zeitenwende or “turning point” to describe
the geopolitical transition post Russia’s war in Ukraine, and accused Russian President Vladimir
Putin of “shattering” an international peace architecture.
For India, which inherits the G20
presidency in the year of this Zeitenwende, it will
be necessary to work more closely with Germany
to bring all western partners on board with Mr.
Modi’s plans to forge “global unity”, without letting the deep divisions with Russia derail consensus on important tasks such as fighting climate
change, inequality, poverty and the digital divide.
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Comments
Post a Comment