THE HINDU ANALYSIS ,BY SANJAY KUMAR SAH ,12/12/22
01:-Stop grading terrorists as good and bad: India in UN -
Page No.1 , GS 2
• The era of classifying terrorists as “bad” or “good” on the basis of “political convenience” must end immediately, a concept note circulated by India in the UN Security Council here has said, underlining that categorising terror acts by intent as religious or ideologically motivated will dilute the shared global commitment to fighting terrorism.
• Stressing that terrorism cannot be associated with any religion, nationality, civilisation or ethnic group, the note said all acts of terrorism were criminal. “Terrorism in all its forms and manifestations must be condemned.
There cannot be an exception or justification for any act of terrorism, regardless of its motivation and wherever, whenever and by whomsoever committed. The era of classifying terrorists as ‘bad’ , ‘not so bad’ or ‘good’ on the basis of political convenience must end immediately,” it said.
• India, the current President of the 15-nation Council UNSC?
•About:
• The Security Council was established by the UN Charter in 1945. It is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.
• The other 5 organs of the United Nations are—the General Assembly (UNGA), the Trusteeship Council, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat.
• The UNSC, with a mandate to maintain international peace and security, is the centre piece of global multilateralism.
•Composition:
• The UNSC is composed of 15 members: 5 permanent and 10 nonpermanent.
• Five permanent members:
China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
• Ten non-permanent members:
Elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly.
• Five from African and Asian States,
• One from Eastern European States,
• Two from Latin American States,
• Two from Western European and other States.
•India’s Membership:
• India has served seven times in the UN Security Council as a nonpermanent member and in January 2021, India entered the UNSC for the eighth time.
• India has been advocating a permanent seat in UNSC.
02;- India urged to adopt ASEAN consensus on Myanmar -
Page No.1 , GS 2
• India and other countries should “respect” and follow the ASEAN’s policy on Myanmar rather than taking a “different” path, Indonesian Foreign Minister Retno Marsudi says.
• the Myanmar military government that came to power in February 2021 after deposing the elected National Unity Government and jailing thousands of leaders, including Aung San Suu Kyi
• The plan calls for an immediate end to violence in the country; dialogue among all parties; the appointment of a special envoy; humanitarian assistance by ASEAN; and the special envoy’s visit to Myanmar to meet with all parties.
03:-The role of the ‘China Test’ in India’s grand strategy -
Page No.6 , GS 2
• Whether or not Indian policymakers articulate it as such, China is contemporary India’s principal strategic contradiction. Every other challenge, be it Pakistan, internal insurgencies, and difficulties in relations with its neighbours, fall in the category of secondary contradictions.
• New Delhi has had a complicated relationship with Washington which is increasingly getting normalised and interests-driven. Despite its withdrawal from the region, Washington is seeking to re-engage southern Asia (Pakistan, South Asia in general, the Indo-Pacific, and perhaps even the Taliban).
• For China, the best-case scenario is an India vigorously preoccupied with Pakistan which ensures that India is not focused on the growing threat from China, thereby providing Beijing with the opportunity to displace traditional Indian primacy in South Asia. So, for India, a course-correction on Pakistan, even if it is only post facto, is a strategically sensible one.
• For New Delhi, the message from the China test is a rather straightforward one — smart balancing China in Southern Asia and beyond must form a key element in India’s grand strategic planning and decision making.
04:- Consumers worried about income, but less so about economy -
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• The share of urban consumers who were pessimistic about the Indian economy continued to decline in November 2022 as COVID-19 cases continued to decrease.
The pace of decline in pessimistic levels also sharply improved. For instance, between January and May this year, the share of respondents pessimistic about the general economic situation declined from 66% to 63% — a 3%-point decrease. But between July and November, the share decreased from 63% to 55% — an 8%-point decrease.
• But over half the respondents (55%) continued to be pessimistic about the general economic situation.
05:- ‘Clean Ganga’ changes course to conservation, tourism, livelihood -
Page No.12 , GS 3
• Tourism Ministry to prepare comprehensive plan for developing tourism circuits along the Ganga in line with Arth Ganga, organic farming and cultural activities; exhibitions and fairs have been planned in towns along the main stem of the river.
75• Marking a shift in emphasis, the Union government’s flagship Namami Gange programme, conceived to improve the sanitation levels in the Ganga, is now geared towards conservation, tourism and providing livelihoods.
• Arth Ganga, or harnessing economic potential from the Ganga, follows from a directive by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in December 2019, after chairing a similar meeting of the Ganga taskforce.
•Namami Gange Programme is an Integrated Conservation Mission, approved as a ‘Flagship Programme’ by the Union Government in June 2014 to accomplish the twin objectives of effective abatement of pollution and conservation and rejuvenation of National River Ganga.
•It is being operated under the Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti.
06:- NASA’s Orion capsule -
Page No.13 , GS 3
What is the Artemis I Mission?
•Artemis I is an uncrewed mission of NASA.
• Named after the sister of Apollo in Greek mythology, it is NASA's successor to the Apollo lunar missions from fifty years ago.
•It will test the agency’s Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and Orion crew capsule.
• The SLS is the largest new vertical launch system NASA has created since the Saturn V rockets used in the 1960s and 1970s.
•Artemis I is the first in a series of increasingly complex missions to build a long-term human presence at the Moon for decades to come.
Mission details:
1.NASA’s powerful new rocket, the Space Launch System (SLS), will send astronauts aboard the Orion spacecraft nearly a quarter million miles from Earth to lunar orbit.
2.Astronauts will dock Orion at the Gateway and transfer to a human landing system for expeditions to the surface of the Moon.
3.They will return to the orbital outpost to board Orion again before returning safely to Earth.
07:- Text and Context - On amending the cooperative societies Act
• The Bill to amend the Multi-State Cooperative Societies (MSCS) Act, 2002, was introduced in the Lok Sabha on December 7.
Opposition parliamentarians alleged that the Bill’s provisions encroached upon the rights of State governments, demanding that it be referred to a Standing Committee.
• According to the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA), cooperatives are people-centred enterprises jointly owned and democratically controlled by and for their members to realise common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations.
Multi-State cooperatives are societies that have operations in more than one State — for instance, a farmer-producers organisation which procures grains from farmers from multiple States.
• The Bill provides for the creation of a central Co-operative Election Authority to supervise the electoral functions of the MSCSs.
• Notably, the constitutional domain of States in regulating cooperative societies was upheld by the Supreme Court last year when it struck down a part of the 97th Constitution Amendment.
•Constitutional Provisions Related to Cooperatives:
• The Constitution (97th Amendment) Act, 2011 added a new Part IXB right after Part IXA (Municipals) regarding the cooperatives working in India.
• The word “cooperatives” was added after “unions and associations” in Article 19(1)(c) under Part III of the Constitution. This enables all the citizens to form cooperatives by giving it the status of fundamental right of citizens.
• A new Article 43B was added in the Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV) regarding the “promotion of cooperative societies”.
08:- Text and Context - What are the existing laws on religious conversions?
• In post-independent India, Odisha became the first State to enact a law restricting religious conversions, which later became a model framework for other States.
Odisha’s 1967 Act provides that no person shall directly or indirectly convert any person from one religious faith to another by force, inducement or any fraudulent means. Later, Madhya Pradesh brought in the Madhya Pradesh Dharma Swatantraya Adhiniyam (1968).
• More than ten Indian States have passed laws prohibiting certain means of religious conversions — Arunachal Pradesh (1978),
Gujarat (2003), Chhattisgarh (2000 and 2006), Rajasthan (2006 and 2008), Himachal Pradesh (2006 and 2019), and Tamil Nadu (a law was enacted in 2002, but repealed in 2004), Jharkhand (2017), Uttarakhand (2018), Uttar Pradesh (2021), and Haryana (2022).
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